Democracy And The Australian Political System Essay

Democracy is produced in the Australian political system to created a fair society, however it is ironically produced by non-democratic and democratic instruments. The extent to which the Australian political system produces a democratic and fair society is dependent upon instruments such as the Constitution, Bicameral parliament, Separation of powers, Representative government, Responsible government and the ethic and values during a particular time. An instrument in the Australian political system that produces a fair and democratic society is the Federal Constitution 1901 because it outlines the powers and constraints of the Australian political/legal system. The constitution creates a democratic and fair society because as Judge Murphy describes, it allows â€Å"an equal share of power†, this is evident through the division/separation of powers. Moreover, Gordon Reid and Martyn Forrest support Murphy’s claims regarding the constitution producing a fair society because it ‘uphold[s] the highest ideals of political representation’. The constitution protected rights regarding democracy in s 41,7 and 24, thus producing a democratic/fair society. However, in regards to values and ethics the constitution had failed to produce a democratic and fair society in the past, because suffrage was only granted to non-aboriginal men. This was due to the values and ethic of the time period, in which it was thought t hat aboriginals were not ‘citizens’ and women not qualified to vote.Show MoreRelatedAustralia s Parliamentary Democracy And If It Is Effective1287 Words   |  6 Pagesquite the complex governmental system. Australia is known as a federation, a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy all in one. As a result, Australia has a queen, who resides in the United Kingdom, but is represented by a Governor-General in Australia. Following, a Prime Minister governs the country. In addition, there is a two-chamber Commonwealth Parliament that makes the laws. This diverse government is often referred to as the Westminster System. The goal of this paper is to examineRead MoreGoverning Methodologies: The Philosophy of Juche or Self-reliance691 Words   |  3 Pagesor a dictatorship, which one way of governing is the most benevolent yet firm? Comparing countries like Australia and North Korea they seem to be almost identical in terms of their governing philosophy, on t he surface they both seem to exercise democracy yet on a deeper level a different supposition may be extracted. In august 1945 Korea was divided across the 38th parallel dividing the nation into two North and South Korea. In 1948 the workers party of Korea started a communist government in NorthRead MoreAustralias System of Democracy857 Words   |  3 PagesIn reference to the Australia’s system of democracy, the pluralist theory of the state portrays the distribution of political power accurately in comparison to its rival theories, being Marxism and elitism. However, the theory faces certain limitations within the Australian political system. In order to thoroughly answer the question I will firstly start off by stating what the theory of pluralism entails by discussing the pluralist views of power. Secondly, I will highlight the characteristicsRead More10 Ways e-Voting Could Save or Destroy Democracy1000 Words   |  4 PagesDemocracy As applied to the newspaper article: 10 ways e-voting could save or destroy democracy http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/government-it/10-ways-evoting-could-save-or-destroy-democracy-20140425-zqxni.html First appearing in the Sydney Morning Herald, 25th April Democracy As applied to the newspaper article: 10 ways e-voting could save or destroy democracy Australia, in its relatively short history has always had an emphasis on social, personal and political freedoms – andRead MoreInfluence of Compulsory Voting1626 Words   |  7 Pagescompulsory voting would be against the very foundation of freedom that defines a democratic state. It brings to mind three questions with it, is voting a right or duty, does it change the level of intelligent political participation, and does the compulsion goes against all that is democracy? Voting: Right or Duty? The question of whether voting should be a right or duty is a question that is integral to answering whether voting should be mandatory. To make voting mandatory would take away the freelyRead MoreAustralia s Constitutional Democracy And The Federal System1750 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout this essay, a comparison of both Australia’s constitutional democracy and the federal republic system in the United States will take place. Australia and the United States are both a part of the federal system. Within the federal system, the national and state governments divide the power in order to govern (Parliamentary Education Office, 2016). Both Australia and the United States have two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. Parliament Education office, (2016) statesRead MoreThe Importance Of Voting For A Candidate For Office1667 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, local and community elections can be just as poignant to individual participation in government. Every Austra lian citizen who is aged 18 years or more can vote in a federal election if validly enrolled and not disqualified from voting. Political participation is the basis of democracy and a vital part of the ‘right to vote’. Australia’s constitution has framed the progressive democracy Australia has become, however there is debate on the derivation of this right to vote and on the extent of theRead MoreThe Constitutional And Statutory Bills Of Rights1626 Words   |  7 Pagesidentifies the three main opposing arguments to an Australian bill of rights including that our current democracy is effective, the possibility of lawyers manipulating a bill of rights to their own advantage and finally that it would be antagonistic to the Australian democratic system. The rest of the Professor’s argument is then focussed on rebutting the third criticism, which presents the idea that Australian democracy and the judiciary system will be undermined by granting the judiciary powerRead MorePersuasive Essay On Eureka Stockade750 Words   |  3 Pagesthe licences were first received, the diggers started to resent the government and over time more diggers were opposed to how much they had to pay to receive the licence if they found any gold or not (http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/euerka-stockade). The burnings of the licences were heard loud and clear by the Victorian government who were enraged and sent out a licence check the next day. The impact that the Eureka Stockade had on the diggers was astounding for theRead MoreThe Political System Used Within Australia852 Words   |  4 PagesThe political system used within Australia should be that of an aristocracy. This is superior to that of the democratic society we live. Today I shall be discussing what an aristocracy is and why it is superior to other political systems. Some issues being addressed are the values of equality, despite the classes within an aristocracy and the rights for the upper class or rulers of their society to be just and uphold the idea of society as a whole opposed to that of a democracy where individuals

Ap World History Ch 20 Free Essays

Chapter 20 Study Guide The Muslim Empires The following terms, people, and events are important to your understanding of the chapter. Take notes over the concepts listed below answering the following questions for each concept: Who? (when needed) Where? , What? , Why? , How? , and historical significance. Definitions are not sufficient. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap World History Ch 20 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Definitions alone will earn a daily grade no higher than 50%. OttomansMehmed IIJanissaries VizierSafavid DynastySail al-Din (Saladin) Red HeadsIsma’ilChaldiran Shah Abbas the Greatimamsmullahs IsfahanNadir Khan AfsharMughal Dynasty BaburHumayanAkbar Din-i-IlahiTaj MahalNur Jahan AurangzebJahangirShah Jahan Further notes need to be taken on the Following AP World History Themes and Skills Theme 1: Interaction between humans and the environment: (Population patterns and impacts of disease, Migrations, Patterns of settlement, Technology) Theme 2: Development and interactions of cultures: (Religions, Belief systems, philosophies, ideologies, Science and technology, Arts and architecture) Theme 3: State building, expansion and conflict: (Political structures and forms of governance, Empires, National and nationalism, Revolts and revolutions, Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations) Theme 4: Creation, expansion and interaction of economic systems: (Agricultural and pastoral production, Trade and commerce, Labor systems, Industrialization, Capitalism and socialism) Theme 5: Development and transformation of social structures: (Gender roles and relations, Family and kinship, Racial and ethnic constructions, Social and economic classes) Key Questions: Answer the following questions with your best AP effort. 1. What were the similarities and differences of the three Muslim Empires (Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals)? 2. What were the causes of the Ottoman decline in the 17th Century? 3. What weaknesses were common to all of the Muslim Empires? How to cite Ap World History Ch 20, Essay examples

Space Shifting Electronic Media and Films

Question: Discuss about theSpace Shiftingfor Electronic Media and Films. Answer: Introduction Network Society is an expression that was invented by Stein Braten in 1981which described a society that is governed by improved technology and information systems. Apparently, it relates to the changes that affect the social, political, cultural and political aspects of the society (Smoot et al, 2011). However, there are other sociologists (Manuel Castells) who have come up with other related studies that support Bratens study. Space Shifting Space shifting is whereby an electronic media, films, documents or videos are transferred from one device to another and viewed from there. It enabled these things to be accessed and viewed from a device different from that which they were stored in (Castells, 2011). Therefore, it means that the format of the information or data in question must be changed to be able to suit the required or current digital view option. This shifting has brought so much effects to the society in relation to the social, political and ethical aspects which include: It has made it easier for people from different geographical regions to socialize more especially through the use of internet and mobile phones. This kind of network society can be used by different political groups to convey their messages, challenges and complaints to the government and the authorities (Castells, 2008). These networks are used through the access of the internet by these groups of people who may have the desire to protest. It has led to the disruption of the traditional levels of power. This means that the chances of people losing their ethical values and codes is high. Timeless Time This was realized by Manuel Castells after he discovered how structural changes to the society (economy and culture) had affected the relevancy of space and time. This refers to the management of time and making it suitable for ones work schedule. It means that the activities that one has to do must be within the time period set for them to take place (Castells, 2007). Castells argues that in the modern technology world or age, there have been these challenges that have come up and have affected the working schedules of people. The new technology change has brought a variety of changes into the world that are completely different from the previous. Timeless time does not refer to the actual disappearance of time but the fact that it is being ignored. The changes include: It enables one to be in one place at different times or doing different activities at once. E.g. listening to music and reading an online article or browsing. It also enables different people from different geographical regions to communicate at the same time therefore sharing ideas and opinions on different subjects e.g. through skype. However, there are other scientists who have different arguments about the network society. Sociologist Zygmon Bauman argues that it is idealistic and Utopian while Frank Webster argues that it puts so much emphasis on influence of technology on humans and Nicholas Garnham says that network society is just an extension of industrial capitalism and therefore does not focus on all the staged of industrialization which is wrong. Conclusion Castells argument on network society are valid because he says that it has caused so many changes in the society especially in terms of globalization in general. Therefore, network society if very useful when effecting changes in the society. References Castells, M. (2007). Communication, power and counter-power in the network society.International journal of communication,1(1), 29. Smoot, M. E., Ono, K., Ruscheinski, J., Wang, P. L., Ideker, T. (2011). Cytoscape 2.8: new features for data integration and network visualization.Bioinformatics,27(3), 431-432. Castells, M. (2011).The rise of the network society: The information age: Economy, society, and culture(Vol. 1). John Wiley Sons. Castells, M. (2008). The new public sphere: Global civil society, communication networks, and global governance.The aNNalS of the american academy of Political and Social Science,616(1), 78-93.

Rising Healthcare Costs Costing Americans Quality Healthcare Essay Example

Rising Healthcare Costs: Costing Americans Quality Healthcare Paper Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   America is currently experiencing an economic crisis, and among the cries of the American public is the burden of increasing healthcare costs that have also suffered a marked decreased in quality. Using the current environment as a platform, healthcare industry leaders are proposing policy reforms that focus on ensuring quality healthcare provision in order to reduce the cost of healthcare in America. This is done in the hopes that by solving the issue of unsustainable healthcare costs, these policies can offer a partial solution to the financial problems facing America today. Rising Healthcare Costs: Costing Americans Quality Healthcare Introduction We will write a custom essay sample on Rising Healthcare Costs: Costing Americans Quality Healthcare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rising Healthcare Costs: Costing Americans Quality Healthcare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rising Healthcare Costs: Costing Americans Quality Healthcare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The United States is currently undergoing an economic crisis of scales. Americans are experiencing the burdens imposed by higher oil costs, housing costs, food prices, increased unemployment rates, and the continuing inflation rates. The cost of providing basic needs to an average American family has gone up that families are not feeling the effects of wage hikes. The economic crisis befalling America is so widespread that it affects different facets of American living and one such important facet being affected is in Healthcare – an area Americans highly value. Already on average, American families are spending more on healthcare than they do on basic commodities – a fact that healthcare experts view as alarming. Not only has the cost of living become unreasonable, but it is also unreasonable that a large chunk of this cost is largely due to the cost of healthcare. What concerns healthcare leaders more is that, although healthcare costs are continuously increasing, the quality has not. It is this growing concern that has prompted leaders in the healthcare industry to call for a reform on present health care policies.   If there is any good at all that could be attributed to the economic crisis befalling America today is that the current crisis has cast into light the problem of high healthcare costs and low quality healthcare services. At the same time, the recent economic crisis â€Å"has created a ‘near perfect’ political storm† (Smith, 2008) that offers a window of opportunity for policy reforms, especially now that America is looking for a way to reduce the impact of a sloping economy. After all, the United States tends to gain financially by establishing policies that reinforce quality healthcare as a means towards decreasing healthcare costs thereby lending to a decrease in the overall expenditure average American families make annually. Definition of Terms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To begin the discussion on the costs of quality in healthcare, certain terms must first be defined. In the economics of healthcare, quality has no right or wrong definition for it is a multidimensional concept and is primarily defined by varying perspectives (e.g., of the client, the client’s family, the community or the physician). It should be noted that â€Å"quality† can also have opposing definitions that operates at the same time, for example: a â€Å"provider’s technical accuracy of not giving injections conflicts with a parent’s expectations of a shot as the best available treatment.† Quality however, can still be defined as â€Å"technical accuracy† as a result of compliance with standards or as advocates of total quality management defines: â€Å"Doing the right thing, right, right way† (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001, p.1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The dimensions of quality in health care include the following: technical performance, effectiveness of care, efficiency of service delivery, safety, access to services, interpersonal relations, continuity of services, physical infrastructure and comfort and lastly, choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quality Assurance (QA) is then defined as any act that measures and improves upon standards of quality. Samples of such activities include medical supervision, medical bookkeeping, staff training, and patient education. It is composed of three levels: the tool, the approach and the program. QAs are mainly aimed at looking for problems in the â€Å"system and processes, not bad performers† (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001 p.1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cost, similar to quality, also has varying definitions. Its definition is usually tied with the varying perspectives and as to who incurs the cost (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001). Cost can be defined through any of the following economic jargons described as follows.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Financial cost – incurred expenses at a given time for the provision of a product, service or input (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001). Opportunity cost – benefits forgone in the provision of alternate products or services (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Accounting cost – a cost not actually incurred but is used to reflect the real value of a product or service (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Shadow† prices – costs of goods and services â€Å"whose true value is not the same a s listed† (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001, p.6).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In healthcare quality assurance, some of the costs that have the most value are the ones that are â€Å"unknown and unknowable† – costs that are results of poor quality that may not be immediately known or recognizable such as consumer dissatisfaction and health worker frustration (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001, p.7). The three major categories of cost are personnel, capital and renewable resources (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001). Cost of Quality is then defined as the quantified value of resources that were saved or lost in the delivery of (healthcare) services. It is both the â€Å"costs incurred in achieving or maintaining quality standards† and the â€Å"costs resulting from not achieving or maintaining quality standards† (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001, p.9). The cost of quality has â€Å"four major components: prevention costs, appraisal costs, external failure costs and internal failure costs† (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001, p. 9). The former two (prevention and appraisal) are costs associated with attaining and maintaining quality standards, while the latter two are the costs incurred from being unable to maintain or attain quality standards. Therefore, the relationship between cost and quality, as theorized by Ishikawa, is that of an inverse relationship—higher levels of quality lead to lower costs. The theory is based under the assumption that as quality increases, system wastes are reduced and productivity increases and â€Å"improved productivity implies that a product or a service can be produced at the lowest cost possible† (Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual, 2001 p.12). However, the facts imply that the relationship is more dynamic than what Ishikawa’s theory implies. The Problem Healthcare costs have always been on the rise. In fact, the continuous inflation of healthcare costs is often the culprit behind the changes that has shaped the healthcare industry during these past decades. Examples of such events were the â€Å"tipping points† that has occurred in the early and late 1980s to the early 1990s. The first tipping point in the healthcare industry happened in the early 1980s where a shift from full indemnity coverage to comprehensive major medical led to the giving-way of â€Å"100% first dollar coverage† to â€Å"$500 [or higher] deductibles† a change that occurred within a period of four years (Halvorson, 2005, n.p.). The second tipping point occurred years later, during the late 1980s and early 1990s when the healthcare industry shifted from completely unmanaged care into a managed care system. Both of these changes transpired as a reaction/adaptation to the rising costs of healthcare and resulted in â€Å"periods of relative pri ce stability at least until the harvest of low-hanging fruit and one time savings ran its course for each new direction† (Halvorson, 2005, n.p.). In the article by Halvorson in 2005 entitled Healthcare Tipping Points: Two Tipping Points, Cost and Quality, Promise to Forever Change the Healthcare Landscape as We Know It, the author warned that the healthcare industry at 2005 was already nearing the next tipping point. He points out that the environment was already ripe for this next tip. As early as 1994, results of economic studies indicate that healthcare has taken up more and more of the gross national product (GNP) and has no signs of stopping (Leibowitz 1994) — a sign that America is increasingly spending on healthcare year after year. In 2001, premiums for family coverage have outpaced wage hikes and inflation rates, rising to 78% compared to the 19% and 17% of the latter two respectively. The same premiums, in the years between 2000 and 2007, have more than doubled together with workers’ out-of-pocket costs in the periods between 2001 and 2007 (Baker, 2008). In 2005, healthcare costs were already in an upwa rd spiral of â€Å"unsustainable double digit increases† (Halvorson, 2005, n.p.). Employers are angry, frustrated and scrambling for â€Å"cost-shift strategies† that offer higher deductibles. Buyers are growing more concerned over increased costs that do not bring along increased quality care (Halvorson, 2005). Various reasons are offered as to how America’s healthcare industry has gotten to where it is now. Reasons for the increased costs include the increased unemployment rates (more than $900 of a family’s premium is used for the treatment of the uninsured), new expensive drugs and technologies, an ageing population, increased unnecessary medical consumption, excessive unnecessary procedures and operations, increased fear of malpractice suits and litigation, and a variety of other excessive costs. As it seems, in the year 2008, these â€Å"low-hanging fruits† produced by these two earlier tips have all been harvested, and healthcare costs have risen yet again much to the American public’s dismay. With all these increases, most everyone intuitively subscribe to the thought that â€Å"the more I pay for something, the better quality it has.† However, in the present healthcare situation, this is in fact quite surprisingly the opposite. In fact the quality of healthcare has even gotten worse. Over 98,000 Americans die annually as a result of medical errors — a trend that has gotten worse and worse as healthcare costs grew higher and higher. An explanation offered for this phenomenon is now that healthcare has been removed from the hands of the buying public (direct consumption) and is instead handled through third party contractors (managed care providers, HMOs, Medicare). The public has since viewed seeking medical care as relatively â€Å"free† and thus has become victim to over consumption. Over consumption leads to unnecessary tests and longer hospital stays that increase the chances for medical errors happening. Another possible cause according to Wennberg (cited in Smith, 2008) is that the current system rewards systems with poor quality. Medicare siphons more funding into such systems in order to provide for more tests and technologies while efficient quality systems receive nothing. This practice also allows for marginally competent and incompetent doctors to hide behind a barrage of test that are sometimes unnecessary. All these practices eventually lead to prolonged hospital stays and unnecessary procedures that puts the consumer directly in harms way while at the same time protects those who endangered the consumer in the first place. To cap it off, Dr. Denis Cortese states that the current system feeds off on the concept â€Å"the sicker the patient is, the more money you get† (cited in Smith, 2008, n.p.) . The Proposed Solution All the various papers and articles that have come out due to the issue of increased healthcare costs and decreased quality care offers numerous methods of solving the problem but all carry one unified message: reboot the system. It seems that Halvorson (2005) was correct when he said that â€Å"changes–in the way health care is delivered and financed–will, I believe, come not gradually, but much more quickly† (n.p.). A mere three years after this statement, America does indeed find itself at a tipping point amidst cries for policy reforms. As Baker (2008) pointed out: â€Å"About one third of all health care spending pays for poor quality [†¦] We can do better – and we can save money at a time when 47 million Americans are uninsured and tens of millions more worry about losing the coverage they have† (p. 3). These policy reforms, in large part, are all appealing for a new approach towards managing the costs of health care and that this approach is best served by enacting policies that will ensure and enhance the quality of healthcare America is receiving. This is largely due to the faith of healthcare leaders on the economic concept that increased quality can reduce costs for this concept has served other industries extremely well, surely, the health care industry cannot be immune to this economic phenomenon. Under this approach, leaders in healthcare suggest handing back the purchasing power to the consumer. No longer shall a third-party payer or the managed-care system decide for the client on what treatments the consumer would avail but instead inform consumers about their options. The idea behind this is that by allowing the consumer to â€Å"shop† for the services he needs effectively allows the patient to avoid excessive costs related to excessive use of medical services and avoid costs associated with the â€Å"paper pushing† administrative aspect of healthcare. This creates an incentive for the patient to use medical care efficiently. It is even proposed that the â€Å"savings† made from this approach can be used in a â€Å"medical savings account† (MSA) (Leibowitz, 1994). In this approach, the employer insures the patient and his beneficiaries with catastrophic plans only and instead allots part of the premiums paid into the MSA which the patient can u se to pay for small, routine medical bills. Any unused funds from the MSA can then be rolled into other accounts after retirement. Economizing medical care will hopefully encourage patients to be wise and efficient in seeking medical care (Leibowitz, 1994). The above approaches would also be supported by a system based on quality assurance. This system will allow for the public reporting of quality measures and the cost/quality data of doctors and hospitals. This will allow for a market that is competing in terms of costs and quality thereby creating a market for consumers that is both low cost and high quality (Lass, 2008). An example of this is approach is a research conducted in Pennsylvania which revealed the hospital cost of acquiring nosocomial infections, a cost amounting $185,260 and 20.6 days of hospital stay. A staggering amount when compared to $31,389 and 4.5 days—the average cost for individuals who did not acquire the infection. Having such data available to the healthcare network allows for the systems being employed by various healthcare institutions to be re-engineered. Having such data available to the public allows for the informed choosing of facilities to seek care from. Another example of how quality assurance can aid in decreasing the cost of healthcare is its ability to pinpoint the â€Å"wobbly cogs† of the healthcare system (Halvorson, 2005). For example, having identified that the costs in inconsistent healthcare spending lies in the 1% that actually utilizes the level of care offered by their premiums (30% of the cost) while the upper 5% accounts for 2/3 of the cost then a solution can be found by addressing the issues that make up the percentile. Halvorson (2005) adds that the â€Å"solution lies in identifying the specific chronic and acute conditions that move people into that high cost 5 percent bracket, and then systematically and consistently bringing to bear strategic, targeted, consistent, high-leverage interventions to keep those people from migrating to the high-cost end of the curve.† Conclusion The healthcare industry is currently at its worst shape in the history of America. Healthcare is now increasingly becoming unsustainable and unattainable. The quality of care has eroded and the system is highly fragmented and filled with â€Å"wobbly cogs.† All the literature cited in this paper decry the burden increasing healthcare costs have caused the American public, especially now that America is experiencing an economic recession of sorts. This is specifically why healthcare leaders and other advocate groups are using the current crisis as a platform to launch campaigns for policy reforms involving the healthcare industry, suggesting reforms that values quality assurance as a tool towards cutting the excessive costs associated with current practices in the healthcare industry. The main driving force behind this call is the view that by having policies that guarantee the quality of healthcare services allows for the smoother, more productive functioning of the healthcare system and that in the long run saves the American public dollars that would have been wasted trying to correct costs caused by â€Å"wobly parts.† By establishing policies that value quality healthcare, America gains back opportunity costs that otherwise would have been lost to a broken system thereby gaining financial advantage that may be used as a means towards decreasing the financial burdens American families face annually References Baker, A.H. (2008, June 3). Rising costs, low quality in health care: the necessity for reform. Senate Finance Committee Testimony. Retrieved on December 4, 2008 from http://finance.senate.gov/hearings/testimony/2008test/060308ahbtest.pdf. Cost and Quality in Healthcare Reference Manual. (2001). Quality Assurance Project: Core Training Series. Bethesda, MD: Center for Human Services. Retrieved on December 4, 2008 from http://www.qaproject.org/training/cq/ref.pdf. Halvorson, G.C. (2005). Healthcare tipping points: two tipping points, cost and quality, promise to forever change the healthcare landscape as we know it. Healthcare Financial Management. Retrieved on December 4, 2008 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3257/is_3_59/ai_n13487275/pg_1?tag=artBody;col1. Lass, S. (2008, January 21). Healthcare cost and quality. Computer Architecture, Cache, Health Care, U.S. Economy and Life. Retrieved on December 4, 2008 from http://showcase.netins.net/web/stanlass/healthcare.html. Leibowitz, S. (1994, June 23). Policy analysis: why healthcare costs so much. CATO Institute. Cato Policy Analysis No. 211. Retrieved on December 5, 2008 from http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa211.html. Smith, T. (2008, November 25). Health care leaders decry high costs, low quality care. Minneapolis Daily. Retrieved on December 5, 2008 from http://www.mndaily.com/2008/11/24/health-care-leaders-decry-high-costs-low-quality-care.

The Wives of Anthony the Great

The Wives of Anthony the Great Mark Antony was a womanizer and it could be said that his decisions were made by his wife, which was considered improper behavior at the time. The Roman emperors Claudius and Nero ran into trouble later for similar reasons, so although Antonys third wife Fulvia had what may have been good ideas, Antony was frowned upon for following them. Antonys debauched lifestyle was expensive, and so by an early age, he had accumulated tremendous debt. It is possible that all his marriages were carefully conceived to provide money or political advantage, as Eleanor G. Huzar argues in Mark Antony: Marriages vs. Careers, from The Classical Journal. The following information comes from her article. Fadia The first possible wife of Antony was Fadia, the daughter of a rich freedman named Quintus Faius Gallus. This marriage is attested in Ciceros Philippics and letter 16 to Atticus. However, it is an implausible marriage because Antony was a member of the Plebeian nobility. His mother was a 3d cousin of Caesar. The marriage may have been arranged to help with Antonys 250 talent debt. Cicero says Fadia and children were all dead by at least 44 B.C. If he actually married her, Antony probably divorced her.​ Children: Unknown Antonia In his late 20s, Antony married his cousin Antonia, a proper wife, to help his career. She bore him a daughter and they remained married for about 8 years. He divorced her in 47 B.C. on a charge of adultery with Publius Cornelius Dolabella, husband of Ciceros daughter Tullia. Children: Daughter, Antonia. Fulvia In 47 or 46 B.C., Antony married Fulvia. She had already been married to 2 of Antonys friends, Publius Clodius and Gaius Scribonius Curio. Cicero said she was the driving force behind Antonys decisions. She bore him two sons. Fulvia was active in political machinations and although Antony denied knowledge of it, Fulvia and Antonys brother mutinied against Octavian (the Perusine War). She then fled to Greece where Antony met her. When she died shortly thereafter in 40 B.C. he blamed himself. Children: Sons, Marcus Antonius Antyllus and Iullus Antonius. Octavia Part of the reconciliation between Antony and Octavian (following the mutiny) was the marriage between Antony and Octavians sister Octavia. They married in 40 B.C. and Octavia bore their first child the following year. She acted as peacemaker between Octavian and Antony, trying to persuade each to accommodate the other. When Antony went east to fight the Parthians, Octavia moved to Rome where she looked after Antonys brood (and continued to do so even after divorce). They remained married for five more years during which time they never saw each other again. Antony divorced Octavia in 32 B.C. when the confrontation that was to be the Battle of Actium seemed unavoidable. Children: Daughters, Antonia Major and Minor. Cleopatra Antonys last wife was Cleopatra. He acknowledged it and their children in 36 B.C. It was a marriage that was to be unrecognized at Rome. Huzar argues that Antony made the marriage in order to utilize Egyptian resources. Octavian wasnt very forthcoming with the troops Antony needed for his Parthian campaign, so he had to look elsewhere. The marriage ended when Antony committed suicide following the Battle of Actium.​​ Children: Fraternal Twins, Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II; Son, Ptolemy Philadelphus.

Obama Vetoes Bill Cutting Former Presidents Pension, Allowances

Obama Vetoes Bill Cutting Former Presidents' Pension, Allowances On July 22, 2016, President Obama vetoed the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act, which would have cut the pensions and allowances paid to former presidents. In his veto message to Congress, Obama said the bill â€Å"would impose onerous and unreasonable burdens on the offices of former presidents.† In an accompanying press release, the White House added that the President had vetoed the bill because it would have â€Å"immediately terminate salaries and all benefits to staffers carrying out the official duties of former presidents leaving no time or mechanism for them to transition to another payroll.† In addition, said the White House, the bill would have made it harder for the Secret Service to protect former presidents and would â€Å"immediately terminate leases, and remove furniture from offices of former presidents working to fulfilling their continued public service responsibilities.† The White House added that the President was willing to work with Congress in resolving his issues with the bill. â€Å"If Congress provides these technical fixes, the president would sign the bill,† said the White House. The White House noted that the President had vetoed the bill only after consulting with the four other surviving former presidents and that the veto was â€Å"responsive to concerns they raised to us.† Had it not been vetoed, the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act would have: Cut Pensions and Allowances for Former Presidents While not specifically aimed at Bill Clinton, who has made $104.9 million to â€Å"pay the bills† from speaking fees alone, the bill would have cut the pensions and allowances of former presidents. Under the current Former Presidents Act, former presidents receive an annual pension equal to the salaries of Cabinet Secretaries. Under the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act, the pensions of all former and future former presidents would have been capped at a maximum of $200,000 and the current link between presidential pensions and the annual salaries of Cabinet Secretary would have been removed. Replaced Other Benefits with a Single Allowance The bill would have also removed other benefits currently given to former presidents, including those for travel, staff, and office expenses. Instead, former presidents would have been given an additional $200,000 allowance to be used he or she determined. In other words, under Chaffetz’s bill, former presidents would have gotten an annual pension and allowance totaling no more than $400,000 - the same as the current presidential salary. However, under another provision of the bill, the pensions and allowances paid to former presidents could have been reduced further or even eliminated completely by Congress. Under Rep. Chaffetz’s bill, for every dollar former presidents earn in excess of that $400,000, their government-provided annual allowance would have been reduced by $1. In addition, former presidents who went on to hold any elected position in the federal government or the District of Columbia would have received no pension or allowance while holding that office. For example, under Chaffetz’s dollar-for-dollar penalty plan, former President Clinton, who made almost $10 million from speaking fees and book royalties in 2014, would have received no pension or allowances at all. But Presidential Widows Would Have Seen a Raise The bill would have increased the allowance paid to the surviving spouses of deceased former presidents from $20,000 to $100,000 a year. Currently, the only surviving spouse of a former president is Nancy Reagan, who received $7,000 in benefits in 2014, according to the Congressional Research Service. How Much Have Former Presidents Been Getting? According to an April 2014 Congressional Research Service report, the four surviving former presidents received a government pension and allowance benefits in 2014 totaling: Jimmy Carter - $470,000George H.W. Bush $837,000Bill Clinton $950,000George W. Bush $1,287,000 Rep. Chaffetz and other supporters of the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act argued that modern former presidents are highly unlikely to be strapped for cash, an opinion supported by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). â€Å"No current former President has claimed publicly to have significant financial concerns,† stated the CRS report. But, that has not always the case. Prior to the enactment of the Former Presidents Act in 1958, former presidents received no federal pension or other financial assistance at all, and some did suffer the â€Å"hard times.† â€Å"Some former Presidents- like Herbert Hoover and Andrew Jackson - returned to wealthy post-presidential lives,† stated the CRS. â€Å"Other former Presidents - including Ulysses S. Grant and Harry S. Truman - struggled financially.† Former President Truman, for example, said that just responding to his mail and requests for speeches cost him more than $30,000 a year. Current Status of the Bill The Presidential Allowance Modernization Act was passed by the House of Representatives on January 11, 2016, and by the Senate on June 21, 2016. The bill, as passed by the House and Senate, was vetoed by President Obama on July 22, 2016. On December 5, 2016, the bill, along with President Obama’s accompanying veto message, was referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. After deliberation, the committee decided against attempting to override the president’s veto.

Comparing people income with college degrees and people without Research Paper

Comparing people income with college degrees and people without college degrees - Research Paper Example Carmel, Stanley, Nolan, and Young support this observation and identify a positive correlation between education level and income among individuals (67-77). While Sedat acknowledges a similar relationship between the variables, his study did not identify a significant relationship (62-72), a position that Lin, Gao, Zhuang, and Chen reiterate (n.p.). Wells however identifies a significant relationship between education level and income with economic independence (13-21) and the study seeks to ascertain validity of the proposed relationship. Academic qualification is one of the determinants in employment and dictates people’s positions. This suggests a relationship with income that also varies with type of job and an individual’s position in an organization. The study proposes to ascertain significance of proposed relationship between education level, whether a person has a degree or not, and level of income. The study will use data from Infoplease to obtain average income for a person with a degree across years and average income for a person without a degree across respective years. Test of hypothesis for difference between means will then be used to determine existence difference between the two secondary means and a significant difference would mean that education level affect income. Lin, Jing, et al. â€Å"Exploring correlation between education level, income level, and job satisfaction in Gippsland.† Agribusiness Gippsland. N.d. Web. August 21, 2013. . Sedat, Gumus. â€Å"Investigating the relationship between the quality of education and level of educational attainment in Turkish provinces.† International Journal of Education Reform 21.1 (2012): 62-72. Wells, Ryan. â€Å"Education’s effect on income inequality: A further look.† California Centre for Population Research. N.d. Web. August 21, 2013.

History and Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

History and Political Science - Essay Example There has been opposing view points concerning the effects of the industrial revolution, whereby, both positive and negative outcomes have been associated with the events of the industrial revolution. Based on intensive analysis and discussions of the events surrounding the industrial revolution, it is with no doubt that it had massive positive effects on the socio-economic, cultural and political platforms. On the contrary, the industrial revolution also had negative effects on the socio-economic, political and cultural conditions. In this essay, the benefits and hardships resulting from the industrial revolution on the socio-economic, cultural and political platforms, will be expounded. Discussion The industrial revolution will live to be acknowledged for its positive impacts on the human society. This was a major turning point in human history, whereby, almost all aspects of daily life were influenced. The general human potential was positively influenced by the industrial revolut ion. This is evident through the increased average income as well as the population. Through the increase of the average global population and income, the human potential was magnified. ... The increased innovations realized through development in technology, impacted positively on all aspects of industrial production. This is evident through the innovations in iron making, steam power and textiles. A point worth of consideration is that human capital was magnified through these innovations, thus boosting production efficiency and returns from the industrial processes. Based on this phenomenon, wealth creation and income generation were positively impacted, hence demonstrating the benefits of the industrial revolution. The ease in transfer of knowledge during the industrial revolution, enhanced human efficiency across the globe, thus boosting industrial activities (Horn et al. 2010, p. 121). The industrial revolution led to increased efficiency in transportation and communication. This is a key factor which boosted human potential in business and industrialization. The use of highways, canals and turnpikes, had positive impacts on the transport sector, which in turn fac ilitated business activities and networks across the globe. The concept of job creation by the factories also impacted positively on human capital and the economic sector. Through job creation, human mobility, urbanization, and investment were facilitated, thus enhancing the social and economic landscape. From the social perspective, the high incomes enhanced better living standards which in turn led to high life expectancy. In particular, child mortality was decreased and high levels of human health recorded, hence enhancing human comfort and potential (More 2000, p. 168). From another perspective, the industrial revolution had negative impacts on human life, whereby,

Variations of the Word Family Essay Example for Free

Variations of the Word Family Essay Today, people in society share many variations of the word family. Anthropologists describe this as a social group of two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption who live and reside together for an extended period, sharing economic resources and caring for the young (Scupin 137). More specifically, the word family is narrowed down to two major types, nuclear and extended family. Nuclear Families are the ones most Westerns feel are the right kind of family. They are formed by two married parents and their offspring. According to our book Cultural Anthropology A Global Perspective, â€Å"in the United States, some African Americans, Latinos, Arab Americans, and Asian Americans enjoy the loyalty and support of extended family ties, enhancing their economic and social organization within the larger society† (Scupin 247). They are able to adapt to our way of living by gaining knowledge and experience in how we live. Once this is accomplished the formation of family can begin. Religion and tradition play huge roles in this development. With the many forms of family, some examples I have found are: Nuclear family, extended family, polygynous family, polyandrous family, and matrifocal family. Today fully half of all families do not meet the definition of nuclear family. We have stepfamilies; single-parent families; families headed by two unmarried partners, either of the opposite sex or the same sex; households that include one or more family members from a generation; adoptive families; foster families; and families where children are raised by their grandparents or other relatives.. Here in our U.S. society, we see the many different forms of family due to the fact that each and every one of us is individualistic. Perhaps if you were to travel to America, you would see a single gender raising a child on their own, or come along an ally way to find a street gang full of children orphaned by disease that had nowhere else to go. Though it may not be legal, there are people in our United States that marry more than one partner secretly. This is morally wrong! In our society, you are to give your faithfulness to one individual only. In many societies, kinship relationships are beyond the most significant role throughout the world. Many parts of life in all societies are impacted by kinship, and in most society’s kinship relations influence things like who one can and cannot marry, who one must show respect to, who one can joke with, and who one can count on in a crisis. Your relatives are in your life from birth to start, and are able to help you in situations that can become overwhelming at times. When you experience argumentation that seems to intensify, family may be the best people to talk to. They are there to listen as well as to socialize within the community. They know who you are, and have watched you grow, fail, succeed, etc. To fully understand and grasp the concepts linked to family, one needs to comprehend how individual thought and behavior are influenced by these interacting aspects of human communities. Human needs are almost addicting in nature and in many cases, the reason for universality in a family. These needs can be met when families provide a social environment in which they can exchange opinions and items and then learn and grow from them. As we mature we develop many functions, some of which include nurturing, enculturation of children, regulation of sexual activity, and also those who serve to protect and support their members through emotions, physically and also economically. The main function is to produce and reproduce persons, biologically and socially. Without reproduction, the world would be a lost cause, and the word family would either be non-existent or have a different meaning. Throughout our lifetime, we keep developing and changing our perspectives. As a child, our perspective is known as â€Å"family of orientation,† this is one who serves to locate children socially and plays a major role in enculturation and socialization. A child, for instance, would be interacting socially with another person in order to learn about all other cultures. From the inner eye perspective, an adult is known as the â€Å"extended family.† Here individuals are composed of parents, children, and other relatives bound together as a social unit. There are several benefits to having a family formed in this way, the obvious one being that all the children have more than just their parents eyes watching them and raising them. Family is key in my opinion. Whether they are there for your stability or just to converse, they are there until they separate. An example of this could be known as a step father and mother being divorced which leaves them removed from each other’s families. As indicated earlier about the different marriages in society, I believe that the act of polygamy is morally wrong and in many ways a burden to our culture. Why should an individual be married to two different significant others? In my culture, we don’t see this act; however, many other cultures may allow and even encourage polygyny and polyandry. Through enculturation, people are able to learn the expectations that make up our society. Religious traditions are shaped through this process by evolution and natural selection. Natural selection is merely when an organism is best adapted to their environment in order to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics. The number in the area will begin to rise while the less adapted organisms will begin to eliminate due to the changes in the society. In saying this, I leave you with a quote from Confucius, â€Å"To put the world right in order, we must first put the nation in order; to put the nation in order, we must first put the family in order; to put the family in order, we must first cultivate our personal life; we must first set our hearts right.† Meyerhoff, Michael. Understanding Family Structure and Dynamics. Discovery Health Health Guides Web. 14 Nov. 2011. http://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/parenting/understanding-family-structures-and-dynamics-ga1.htm. Scupin, Raymond. Cultural Anthropology A Global Perspective. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Nancy Roberts, 2012. Print.

Essay examples --

George Teal Mrs. Brown Advanced 8th Language Arts 6 December 2013 Title There are three major examples of racial bigotry in our nations history: the treatment of African Americans, Japanese Americans, and Latin Americans. The constitution and bill of rights were expressly designed to benefit Caucasian males by owning slaves, but removing any rights that these slaves had. The population would be determined by "adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons," United States Bill of Rights. This effectively gave more power into the southern states, but limiting the rights of the slaves. After the the civil war this was changed in section two of the fourteenth amendment. Many of the freed slaves following the civil war also believed that they were entitled to the land they had worked their entire lives, or at least "forty acres and a mule" of property. This was never granted,but many freed slaves ended up buying and founding property afterwards. Despite all slaves being freed and gaining the rights of U.S. citizens, there was still bigotry long into the 20th century. This bigotry involved African American citizens not being allowed to fight in regular combat platoons in World War Two, and African Americans not being able to participate in the same schools, sports, and jobs as other Americans, and this continued until the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Racial bigotry is not confined to just bigotry against African Americans, but also against Japanese immigrants and German immigrants, for example in as early as the late 19th century, there were already many boycotts and protests for Japanese made goods. For exampl... ...d legitimately wanted to exterminate them, Hitler and the pre World War Two Nazi party used the jewish people as a scapegoat. By and large Germany believed it, and they did because Hitler capitalized on their hatred for for the allied nations and their resentment for their loss and economic ruin in World War One by claiming that the only reason they lost, was because of the jewish people. This was due to germany's mostly protestant religion, who at the time had a very high and mighty look on other religions, whilst the jewish germans often had influential places in banks and industry, making them all the more easier to blame. When the nazi power finally came to power in 1933, they began to deport Jewish germans to concentration camps and seize their properties, in what they called their  ¨final solution ¨. Even after the end of the war, the damage still lingered in  Essay examples -- George Teal Mrs. Brown Advanced 8th Language Arts 6 December 2013 Title There are three major examples of racial bigotry in our nations history: the treatment of African Americans, Japanese Americans, and Latin Americans. The constitution and bill of rights were expressly designed to benefit Caucasian males by owning slaves, but removing any rights that these slaves had. The population would be determined by "adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other persons," United States Bill of Rights. This effectively gave more power into the southern states, but limiting the rights of the slaves. After the the civil war this was changed in section two of the fourteenth amendment. Many of the freed slaves following the civil war also believed that they were entitled to the land they had worked their entire lives, or at least "forty acres and a mule" of property. This was never granted,but many freed slaves ended up buying and founding property afterwards. Despite all slaves being freed and gaining the rights of U.S. citizens, there was still bigotry long into the 20th century. This bigotry involved African American citizens not being allowed to fight in regular combat platoons in World War Two, and African Americans not being able to participate in the same schools, sports, and jobs as other Americans, and this continued until the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Racial bigotry is not confined to just bigotry against African Americans, but also against Japanese immigrants and German immigrants, for example in as early as the late 19th century, there were already many boycotts and protests for Japanese made goods. For exampl... ...d legitimately wanted to exterminate them, Hitler and the pre World War Two Nazi party used the jewish people as a scapegoat. By and large Germany believed it, and they did because Hitler capitalized on their hatred for for the allied nations and their resentment for their loss and economic ruin in World War One by claiming that the only reason they lost, was because of the jewish people. This was due to germany's mostly protestant religion, who at the time had a very high and mighty look on other religions, whilst the jewish germans often had influential places in banks and industry, making them all the more easier to blame. When the nazi power finally came to power in 1933, they began to deport Jewish germans to concentration camps and seize their properties, in what they called their  ¨final solution ¨. Even after the end of the war, the damage still lingered in 

Parable of the Sadhu

Ethical Decisions Tough decisions are scary to most people. Therefore, we have guidelines or theories to help us make these decisions. The most effective managers are ideally those that simply don’t crack under pressure and are â€Å"action-oriented people. † Sometimes, people do not dedicate any of their time to the decision in front of them, and make decisions based on their situation. This is one of the many issues that arise in The Parable of the Sadhu. Buzz McCoy went on an adventurous six-month sabbatical program with his friend, Stephen, and when they were hiking in Nepal, they came across a serious ethical dilemma.As him, Stephen, and a few other hikers were hiking up the treacherous Himalayan mountains, they came across a sadhu. Stephen had been showing symptoms of altitude sickness and they had decided to rest for a bit, when one of their fellow hikers found this man. The sadhu was barely clothed, and was consequently suffering from hypothermia. The man who fo und the sickly sadhu grew irritated, as he wanted to continue on because he â€Å"[did] what he [could do]. † He left soon afterward, leaving the sadhu in the hands of Buzz, Stephen and a few other hikers.We are all less likely to take charge of a situation if there are people around us. We simply assume that someone else will take full responsibility and get our wheels turning. They had all given him clothing and tried to warm him up a bit, but none had stepped up and taken full responsibility. Buzz then also gave in, as he grew afraid of the â€Å"heights to come,† and â€Å"without a great deal of thought,† continued on. Looking back on this moment, Buzz regrets how he handled the situation. In all actuality, he never handled it at all; he never even gave it a thought.With all the adrenaline and the possible ecstasy that awaited his arrival at the peak, he never thought of the consequences of this decision. Buzz states, â€Å"I felt and continue to feel guil t about the sadhu. † If he had thought it through, he probably wouldn’t be carrying this burdenous regret. He later goes on to mention, however, that the situation he was in is parallel to a corporate situation, wherein people need to make split-second decisions (no matter the consequence). This is not an ethical method in any ay, shape or form. Buzz was not thinking about the â€Å"best option† or the â€Å"decision that would make for the greater good. † He was focused on himself, and reaching the peak of that mountain. Buzz never thought that this decision would haunt him for the rest of his life. In applying the universalization test to McCoy’s decision, I am left with a serious question: what if everyone were to act as McCoy did. What if, when faced with a challenge, or an annoyance, or simply something unexpected, everyone were to simply give up?What if everyone in the world were to walk away saying, â€Å" oh, I gave him some clothes†¦ therefore I did all I could do. † Just because they aren’t personally responsible for the sadhu, doesn’t mean that they shouldn’t care. They needed to be responsible human beings, like Stephen. What if we lived in a world where everyone was out for his/her own gain? Although it may seem like it, there are still glimmers of hope once in a while, and we, as inhibitors, must fight for them. If everyone was out for their own personal gain, nothing would be accomplished.Ethical guidelines, such as the universal test, are definitely more relatable and easier to apply. The theories, on the other hand, are much more malleable and subjective. There was really only one answer when I asked myself, â€Å"what if this were the behavior of everyone on this planet? † Though, when I asked myself, â€Å"what would have been the best outcome for everyone? † the lines got a little blurry. One final thought: a valuable piece of information is the sadhu’s intentions.If he had gone to the mountain to die in the first place, then taking him down and saving him would be completely against his own intentions. The story states that he was an elderly man with hardly any clothes and no food; thus, he could have wanted to go in peace, on his own terms. Here in lies the problem: we never are given all of the information necessary to make an educated informed decision. This is why we have ethics, or guides for us to follow in situations that we seem to be blindly coming to decisions. They can help us come to ethical decisions for the situations before us.

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Men's employment status is still their main source of self-worth (Bronzed and Herrmann 1999; Broodier 2001; Connell 2002; Hear 2004), and thus advertising, which aims to convince men that they should take consumption more seriously needs to place commodities in the context of public achievement – particularly if these also involve purchases for the sterilization of men's own bodies, their personal appearance and the personal realm in general.Yet, even the growing impact of male lifestyle magazines – mainly addressing younger men – has not been totally successful in persuading mainstream adult men that they should consume in a more conspicuous way: on the one hand more like women, yet still distinctively as ‘real' men. Therefore, advertising uses all tricks of the trade to masculine its products through its promotional appeals, to invoice the male target group that it Is no longer enough Just to be a man and act like a man: the message is that men must demon strate and legitimate dominant status by masculine ways of consumption (Williamson 1986; Nixon 2003, Gristle 1998).In her study of popular media from a feminist perspective, van Zone maintains that as a cultural form, ‘advertising displays a preoccupation with gender that Is hardly matched In any genre' (1994: 67). Referring to Saffron's seminal work of 1979 on gender and advertisements, van Zone underlines the obsession with gender which is typical for advertising as a form of popular culture: ‘This obsession Is said to spring from the â€Å"signifying power† of gender.Advertisements and commercials need to convey meaning within limited space and time and will therefore exploit symbols that are relevant and salient to society as a whole. As one of the most deeply felt elements of subjectivity and the social structure, gender provides such symbols most effectively (1994: 67). The typical conventions In advertisements addressing either men or women reflect he struc tural gendered differences based on the private/public dichotomy.Stereotypically, female audiences are addressed with fantasies of Woman as body, as object or provider of physical pleasure for others, whether In sexualities or non- sexualities ways. The personal, Intimate context and the care for self or other are always emphasized, either 220 Martha convince the male target group that it is no longer enough Just to be a man and act status by masculine ways of consumption (Williamson 1986; Nixon 2003, Sureties hat as a cultural form, ‘advertising displays a preoccupation with gender that is hardly matched in any genre' (1994: 67).Referring to Saffron's seminal work of 1979 which is typical for advertising as a form of popular culture: ‘This obsession is said to The typical conventions in advertisements addressing either men or women reflect the structural gendered differences based on the private/public dichotomy. Object or provider of physical pleasure for others, wheth er in sexualities or non- sexualities ways. The personal, intimate context and the care for self or other are

Homework Alcoholic Beverage and Non

Homework Alcoholic Beverage and Non Homework: Alcoholic Beverage and Non-alcohol Drinkers Essay Jasmine Torres 2-1-12 p. 4 Alcohol Drinkers Versus Non-Alcohol Drinkers I remember the summer i first got drunk. It was a terrible experience and mistake. I was trying to drown myself in the pool, hit people and so many crazy things. Do you want to be in that situation? Non-drinkers live more of a safe life than people who drink because of health, money, and behavior. To begin with, alcohol has many negative affects on your health. For example if you drink to much you could possibly become an alcohol addict, in contrary if you don't drink you could live a happier and safe life. Alcoholism for instance is a serious disease that research from the National Council of Alcohol Addiction proves tat over 18 million people misuse alcohol. Another example is it slows down your central nervous system. Its can also lead to alcohol poisoning which has some very scary symptoms like vomiting, seizures, hard breathing, etc. On the other hand, alcohol also takes a lot of money out of your pocket. People waste so much money on it that research shows $48 million dollars is spent on beer, liquor, and wine a year. If your drunk and driving you can get a ticket which means more money out of your pocket. Each year approximately 16,000 people get in a car accident caused by drunk driving, which in result of that means you have to pay for car repairing. Also if you were hurt and go to the hospital, you have to pay for that. Finally, alcohol changes ones behavior so you look dumb. An example

Grammar Tips An Overview of Grammatical Mood

Grammar Tips An Overview of Grammatical Mood Grammar Tips: An Overview of Grammatical Mood In humans, a mood is a feeling or an emotional state. If you’re in a good mood, for example, you’re feeling happy. But a grammatical mood is something else. So to help explain what a grammatical mood is, let’s look at the indicative, imperative, conditional, and subjunctive moods. What Is Grammatical Mood? Grammatical mood refers to how a sentence is constructed to reflect what we’re trying to do. Asking a question, for example, is different to giving a command. Consequently, we use slightly different sentences to do different things. And every sentence has a mood accordingly. Some sentences also have the Moody Blues, but thats a different issue.(Photo: Nationaal Archief/wikimedia) Strictly speaking, you dont need to know which mood you are using at all times to write effectively. And the lines between grammatical moods are sometimes blurred in English, which can be confusing.* But understanding the basics of mood can help you avoid errors in your writing, so we suggest checking out our guide to the basics below. The Indicative Mood We use the indicative mood whenever we express an opinion, make a factual statement or ask a question. For example: I love sleeping. He is going to bed. Has she gone to bed yet? The indicative mood is thus the most common grammatical mood by far, covering most statements. Depending on who you ask, though, questions can be classed separately as being in the interrogative mood. The Imperative Mood A command or a request is an example of the imperative mood: Please go to bed. You need to go to bed now! Sentences like this can be very short because, as in the first sentence above, the person being asked or told to do something is often left out. The Conditional Mood Conditional sentences typically use the modal verbs â€Å"could,† â€Å"might,† â€Å"should,† or â€Å"would.† This is because they express something that is uncertain or depends on something else. For instance: He could to go to bed if he wanted to. The sentence above is conditional because it refers to an outcome (i.e., going to bed) that depends on something else (i.e., wanting to go to bed). In other words, one part of the sentence is conditional on another part. The Subjunctive Mood The subjunctive mood concerns hypotheticals, such as wishes or suggestions. Typically, they are also â€Å"if† statements, such as: If I were tired, I would go to bed. Here, for example, the speaker is not tired. As such, the possibility of going to bed is only raised hypothetically, not as a likely course of action, so the sentence is in the subjunctive mood. This is distinct from the conditional example above, where going to bed is a concrete possibility. One common error related to the subjunctive mood is mixing up â€Å"were† and â€Å"was.† The confusion here is rooted in their past tense uses, where â€Å"was† is singular and â€Å"were† is plural. In the subjunctive mood, however, â€Å"were† can be both singular and plural. For instance: If I were him, I would go to bed. âÅ"“ Were we to go to bed now, we would sleep soundly. âÅ"“ If I was less busy, I would sleep more. âÅ"â€" Although a fairly minor error, it’s worth looking out for this in your work. And if you need a little more help telling your subjunctives from your conditionals at any point, don’t forget that we’re always available to proofread your documents, which includes a full grammar check. * If you have more than two grammarians in a room, at least one will insist there is no such thing as the conditional mood in English. And this can quickly descend into name-calling. Overall, though, we find it easy to ignore this for our day-to-day writing and proofreading needs.

Undecided Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Undecided - Research Paper Example As international trade is complex and requires greater documentation and control, international commercial banks are actively involved in facilitating it by providing financial instruments that cater to exporters and importers. The role of commercial banks in international trade is of utmost important as they provide reliability and assurance to their clients, and provide an easy process to finance trade. This report will cover many aspects of international trade finance. It will focus on the financial instruments that are used to make payment in international trade, the parties involved in international trade finance, and trade finance methods. ... finances the trade cycle from the production till the goods are bought by the buyer and may require financing from the bank to support the production process. In most international trade transactions, the buyer and the supplier have separate banks that act as intermediaries to the transaction. Cash-in-advance The prepayment method involves cash in advance paid by the buyer to the seller. It is a risky and expensive method for the buyer but it may occur in cases where the seller is a long time business partner or a trustworthy party and the buyer is new in the market. In this scenario, the buyer will transfer the payment through his bank to the exporter’s bank account. This is the safest method of financing for exporters as they do not ship the goods till the payment is received from the importer. Letter of Credit A letter of credit is one of the most commonly used financial instruments in international trade. The letter of credit is a document that the importers bank issues pr omising to pay the exporter upon presentation of the relevant shipping documents such as bill of lading or bill of exchange in accordance with the terms agreed. This provides greater guarantee for the exporter as the bank is a more reliable creditor than any importer and it is easier for the importer as the bank will not release payment till the legal documents have been received. Although, this is riskier for the exporter as compared to the prepayment method, it is a secure was of transferring payment. The letter of credit stands even if the importer is unable to make the payment, thus the issuing bank is liable for the payment to the exporter and not the importer under the letter of credit. In cases where the exporter fears that the issuing bank’s guarantee is not sufficient, which could be